Bibliography

For offline and online available copies of al-Waqāʾiʿ al-Miṣriyyah see Project Jara'id.

ʿAbduh, Ibrāhīm. 1942. Tārīkh al-Waqāʾiʿ al-Miṣriyyah 1828-1942, 2nd. Edition. Cairo: Maṭbaʿat al-Tawakkul.

Ayalon, Ami. 1995. The Press in the Arab Middle East - A History. New York: Oxford University Press.

ʿImāra, Muḥammad. 2007. Rifāʿah al-Ṭahṭāwī – Rāʾid al-Tanwīr. 3rd edition. Cairo: Dār al-Shurūq.

Mestyan, Adam. 2017. Arab Patriotism: The Ideology and Culture of Power in Late Ottoman Egypt. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

Raḍwān, Abū al-Futūḥ. 1953. Tārīkh Maṭbaʿat Būlāq. Cairo: al-Maṭbaʿah al-Amīriyyah.

Al-Rifāʿī, ʿAbd al-Raḥmān. 1987. ʿAṣr Ismāʿīl, vol. 1. Cairo: Dār al-Maʿārif, 1987.

Ṣābāt, Khalīl. 1958. Tārīkh al-Ṭibāʿah fī al-Sharq al-ʿArabī. Cairo: Dār al-Maʿārif.

Sadgrove, Philip C. 1983. “The Development of the Arabic periodical press and its role in the literary life of Egypt (1798–1882),” University of Edinburgh, unpublished Ph.D. thesis.

Ṭarrāzī, Fīlīp dī (Philip de Tarrazi). 1913-1933. Tāʾrīkh al-Ṣiḥāfah al-ʿArabiyyah, 4 vols. Beirut: al-Maṭbaʿah al-Adabiyyah.